体外肺膜氧合在急性冠脉综合征介入治疗中的临床应用与分析

目的 总结及分析体外肺膜氧合（Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO）在急性冠状动脉综合征（Acute coronary syndrome,ACS）介入治疗中的临床应用及评价预后。方法 回顾性分析2015年8月至2018年8月因ACS入院，并在ECMO辅助下行冠状动脉造影术的20例患者的临床资料。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析，计量资料以x±s表示，采用COX回归分析相关因素与患者生存时长的关系，并用OR值与相关因素与生存时间长短之间的关系强度，采用寿命表达计算总数的生存率和绘制生存曲线图。结果 20例ECMO支持下行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（Percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention，PCI）， 患者中16例成功置入冠状动脉支架，其年龄为43~76岁，平均年龄（61.4±9.1）岁，中位年龄为61岁；平均住院天数为（18.0±12.4）d；ECMO平均支持时间为（31.52±27.97）h，术后成功脱机16例（80%），生存出院16 例（80%），术后6个月生存率85.0%，平均住院时间为（18.0±12.4）d，术后并发症（OR=3.486，95%CI 1.266~9.599）、ECMO支持时间（OR=1.05，95%CI 1.010~1.106）、术后CK（OR=1.009，95%CI 1.001~1.017）是急性冠状动脉综合征ECMO辅助行PCI 预后的危险因素，其中死亡终点事件主要分布在术后30 d内，术后5例（71.4%）出现肺部感染，2例（28.6%）出现急性出血，1例（14.3%）出现心房颤动 ，1例（14.3%）出现肾功能不全、呼吸衰竭，给予CRRT及呼吸机辅助治疗，1例（14.3%）出现弥漫性血管内凝血，1例（14.3%）下肢缺血性坏疽。结论 ECMO辅助PCI为ACS提供了有效治疗方式，严格把握ECMO辅助时间对治疗危重症ACS远期预后有着重要的意义。     

基于跨理论模型协同护理模式在急性心肌梗死介入治疗病人中的应用

目的:探讨基于跨理论模型(TTM)协同护理模式在急性心肌梗死(AMI)介入治疗病人中的应用效果。方法:根据随机数字表法将2018年6月—2019年6月收治的88例AMI介入治疗病人分为观察组及对照组各44例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施基于TTM的协同护理模式。比较两组干预前及干预6个月后自我效能、疾病管理能力及生活质量改善情况,记录两组不良心脏事件发生率、再入院率及治疗依从率。结果:两组病人干预后自我效能、疾病管理能力、西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)总评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组病人不良心脏事件发生率(2.27%)、再入院率(4.54%)低于对照组的18.18%、20.45%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组病人用药依从率、生活方式管理依从率分别为97.73%和95.45%,高于对照组的75.00%和72.73%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于TTM协同护理模式能有效改善AMI介入治疗病人自我效能,提高病人遵医行为及疾病管理能力,减少不良心脏事件的发生,改善病人生活质量。     

MRI characteristics of MOG-Ab associated disease in adults: An update

Our knowledge of the radiological spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is growing rapidly. An update on the radiological features of the disease, and its evolution is thus necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis of MOGAD particularly from aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Differentiating these conditions is of prime importance because the management is different between the three inflammatory diseases, and thus could prevent further attack-related disability. Therefore, identifying the MRI features suggestive of MOGAD has diagnostic and prognostic implications. We herein review optic nerve, spinal cord and the brain MRI findings from MOGAD adult patients, and compare them to AQP4-NMOSD and MS.     

血小板/淋巴细胞比值联合Grace评分对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征院内心血管事件的预测价值

目的评估血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)与非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)风险分层及院内预后的相关性及PLR联合Grace评分能否提高Grace评分对院内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法选取在青岛大学附属医院心内科住院被诊断为NSTE-ACS的患者372例。根据入院时PLR水平,分为低PLR组(PLR97.56)、中PLR组(97.56≤PLR≤133.32)、高PLR组(PLR133.32)各124例。比较三组之间基线临床资料、Grace评分及院内MACE的差异。依据有无MACE分为有MACE组36例,无MACE组336例,比较两组间基线临床资料、PLR、Grace评分的差异,评估PLR及Grace评分与院内MACE的相关性。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及DELONG方法评估PLR联合Grace评分与单用Grace评分对院内MACE预测价值的大小。结果(1)高、中、低PLR三组在Grace评分、院内MACE及急性心衰发生方面,差异均有统计学意义(P0.001),且高PLR组中PLR组低PLR组。(2)与无MACE组比较,有MACE组在年龄、尿酸、血小板计数、PLR、Gensini评分、Grace评分水平明显升高,舒张压、肌酐清除率及左心室射血分数指标水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(3)多因素Logistic回归分析显示PLR为NSTE-ACS患者发生院内MACE的独立预测因子(P0.01)。(4)ROC曲线分析PLR联合Grace评分预测院内MACE发生的AUC为0.828,单用Grace评分预测院内MACE的AUC为0.793;应用MEDCALC的DELONG方法对两者AUC比较发现差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在NSTE-ACS患者中,PLR为发生院内MACE的独立预测因子,PLR联合Grace评分可显著提高Grace评分对院内MACE的预测价值。     

Durable remissions with venetoclax monotherapy in secondary AML refractory to hypomethylating agents and high expression of BCL‐2 and/or BIM

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease of the elderly population and survival remains poor after failure of hypomethylating agents (HMA). The BCL‐2 inhibitor venetoclax demonstrated activity as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy or HMA in AML. In this case series, patients with secondary AML (sAML) not eligible for intensive chemotherapy and refractory to HMA were treated with venetoclax within a named patient program at our tertiary cancer center in Salzburg, Austria. Between April 2017 and September 2018, seven patients with sAML received venetoclax therapy. Two out of seven patients achieved a complete remission upon venetoclax initiation with a PFS of 505 days and 352 days and another patient achieved complete peripheral blood blast clearing within nine days after start of venetoclax. Among the venetoclax responders, primary refractory disease to prior HMA therapy was documented, 2 patients harbored IDH1/IDH2 mutations and one patient had an antecedent myeloproliferative neoplasm. High BCL‐2 and/or BIM expression in myeloblasts was found in venetoclax responders and response was significantly associated with overall survival (responders: 364 days versus non‐responders: 24 days, P = 0.018). Venetoclax monotherapy is safe and is able to induce durable responses in elderly patients with secondary AML after treatment failure with HMA.     

Augmented Vector Right ST-Segment Elevation: Pearls and Pitfalls

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is characterized by ST-segment elevation in at least 2 contiguous leads, chest discomfort, and the release of biomarkers requiring emergent revascularization. In 2013, the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association revised STEMI guidelines to include augmented vector right (aVR) ST-segment elevation to be treated as a STEMI equivalent. However, aVR ST-segment elevation with multilead ST depression can occur in presentations other than occlusive myocardial infarctions. The purpose of this clinical feature is to provide a brief review of aVR ST-segment elevation, explore approaches to clinical decision making, and provide tools to support nurse practitioners caring for patients with cardiac issues.     

The proteome microenvironment determines the protective effect of preconditioning in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

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Systematic review of alternative access for cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention: Dorsal distal radial and ulnar artery catheterization

The femoral and radial arteries are the standard access routes for cardiac catheterization. In cases where the right radial artery has been previously utilized or is not suitable for repeat procedures, the left dorsal distal radial artery (anatomical snuff box) or the ulnar artery may be an alternative access site. In this systematic review, alternative access sites are described along with the techniques of cannulation, technical considerations, ultrasound imaging, clinical studies, and their complications. As we routinely perform more radial procedures, increased complications will arise, so it becomes important to gain expertise in alternative access for future coronary interventions. Such a systematic review has not been previously published so it will enhance the reader's knowledge of alternative access.